Globalization and Income Inequalities Between Mediterranean and European Countries
Keywords:
Europe, globalization, income, inequalities, Mediterranean, socialAbstract
Technological development has propelled globalization into a new era. Nations have increased not only their level of international integration, but also their dependence on international investments and companies. Despite the opportunities presented by globalization, what has also been seen is a widening of income inequality. The present investigation seeks to present inequalities, focusing mainly on a comparison between so-called Mediterranean countries and those in northern and central Europe, exposing the influence of globalization on income inequality in Mediterranean countries versus countries in central and Nordic Europe. The selection biases of publications available in the globalization-inequality nexus were also examined. A systematic literature review was adopted as a research methodology, selecting, and analyzing relevant texts on globalization processes, income inequality and social development in different European and Mediterranean countries. The analysis of the selected texts demonstrated a wide range of disparate theories. However, when comparing the per capita income level in the Mediterranean countries and in central and northern Europe, the member states, developed countries and developing member countries that participate in international trade do not have a balanced GDP and economic status due to the income distribution unbalanced. However, other factors promoted by globalization that fuel income disparity have been identified, including trade, technology, and financial globalization. The authors analyzed provided a wide variety of theories, both disparate and complementary. It was possible to identify some negative effects of globalization on income distribution and Mediterranean countries, but it was also pointed out that globalization is not the only cause of these inequalities.
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